ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT NĂM 2027 - MÔN TIẾNG ANH (MÃ ĐỀ 1124)
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
Cities often feel noticeably hotter than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island (UHI). An urban heat island is a metropolitan area that becomes significantly warmer than nearby rural regions, largely because concrete, asphalt, and buildings absorb and retain heat. In such environments, waste heat, generated by cars, public transport, factories, homes, and even people themselves, (1) ______. When buildings and paved surfaces are constructed close together, they trap heat, and this insulation effect, which slows the release of warmth, causes temperatures in the spaces between structures to remain high even after sunset.
At night, the contrasts becomes especially clear. Surfaces such as roads, sidewalks, and parking lots act like vast reservoirs of heat, preventing warmth from escaping into the cooler night sky. In a dense city core, skyscrapers and narrow streets restrict airflow, (2) ______. The consequences are serious: poorer air quality develops because pollutants released by vehicles and industry cannot disperse easily, while local water systems are harmed when heated runoff enters streams and rivers, damaging aquatic species adapted to cooler conditions. Urban heat islands also place a heavy strain on energy networks, since residents increasingly rely on air conditioning during summer peaks, (3) ______.
To reduce these effects, urban planners, policymakers, and architects are developing both modest and ambitious strategies. Green roofs, essentially gardens on rooftops, help cool buildings by absorbing sunlight and converting it into biomass rather than heat. (4) ______. Expanding urban vegetation and creating more open layouts improve air circulation, allowing heat to dissipate. Though urban heat islands represent a modern challenge, thoughtful design and collective action can lessen their impact, (5) ______.
Question 1.
A. in addition to the rising temperatures
B. adds to the rising temperatures
C. which adds to the rising temperatures
D. with addition of the rising temperatures
Question 2.
A. but heat trapped close to ground level lingers
B. so trapped heat lingers close to ground level
C. while heat lingers close to ground level that is trapped
D. in which trapping heat close to ground level lingers
Question 3.
A. with blackouts or power shortages leading to a surge in demand
B. but the demand for blackouts or power shortages may also surge
C. whereas blackouts or power shortages may also demand a surge
D. and this surge in demand may lead to blackouts or power shortages
Question 4.
A. Using lighter-coloured materials that reflect more solar radiation can also reduce warming
B. Reflecting lighter-coloured materials in order to reduce warming for more solar radiation
C. Lighter-coloured materials that reduce warming can be used to reflect more solar radiation
D. The reflection of lighter-coloured materials for more solar radiation can reduce warming
Question 5.
A. so that a healthier city life becomes more sustainable
B. whose health rests on the sustainability of city life
C. which sustaining the health of city life
D. making city life healthier and more sustainable
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 6 to 10.
Question 6.
a. Tom: Do you post a lot of pictures on social media?
b. Tom: That’s good! Some people post everything they do!
c. Jack: I prefer to enjoy the moment instead of worrying about photos.
A. a-c-b
B. b-c-a
C. c-b-a
D. b-a-c
Question 7.
a. Ms. Lan: That’s completely normal, Minh. Let’s start by discussing your strengths and interests - what subjects or activities do you enjoy the most?
b. Minh: I haven’t, but I’ll definitely explore them further. Thanks for the suggestion, Ms. Lan!
c. Ms. Lan: Those are great starting points! Have you considered fields like software development or data analysis? They align well with those skills.
d. Minh: I’ve always been interested in technology and problem-solving, but I’m not sure which specific field focus on.
e. Minh: I’m feeling unsure about what career path to choose after graduation. There are so many options, and I don’t know where to start.
A. e – a – d – c – b
B. d – c – b – a – e
C. e – c – d – a – b
D. d – a – b – c – e
Question 8.
a. In recent years, homeschooling has gained significant popularity across various countries.
b. The growing availability of digital learning platforms has further facilitated the teaching of diverse subjects at home.
c. Consequently, an increasing number of parents are opting for this alternative to traditional schooling.
d. One contributing factor is that many parents seek a more tailored and flexible approach to their children’s education.
e. Although there are ongoing concerns about limited socialisation, numerous families believe that homeschooling provides a more supportive and effective learning atmosphere.
A. a – c – e – b – d
B. a – e – d – c – b
C. a – d – b – e – c
D. a – b – e – c – d
Question 9.
a. It often starts with the excitement of being in a new place, followed by feelings of confusion and frustration as differences become more apparent.
b. As time passes, adapting becomes easier, and many even learn to appreciate or blend the new culture with their own.
c. Culture shock is a common experience when moving to a different country or culture, as it involves adjusting to unfamiliar norms and practices.
d. For instance, language barriers, customs, and different social norms can make even everyday tasks challenging.
e. Eventually, a sense of balance is found as people grow more accustomed to their surroundings, resulting in personal growth and a broader perspective.
A. c – a – d – b – e
B. a – c – d – e – b
C. b – a – e – c – d
D. c – d – a – b – e
Question 10.
Dear Mr. Johnson,
a. We sincerely apologize for the delay in the construction project and any inconvenience this may have caused.
b. We greatly appreciate your patience and understanding as we work to resolve the issue.
c. Unfortunately, unforeseen weather conditions and material shortages have slowed our progress.
d. To ensure the best outcome, we are implementing additional measures to speed up the process while maintaining quality.
e. Please rest assured that we are doing our best to complete the project as soon as possible, and we will keep you updated on further developments.
Best regards,
A. a – c – e – b – d
B. a – b – d – c – e
C. c – a – d – b – e
D. a – c – b – d – e
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 11 to 16.
Becoming a Responsible Digital Citizen
Facts and Figures
A (11) ______ of individuals, especially teenagers, are spending a significant portion of their day navigating the digital world for learning, entertainment, and social interaction on various platforms.
Digital citizenship operates on a core (12) ______, requiring users to behave ethically and legally in online environments while respecting others’ rights and responsibilities.
Positive Action! Protect Your Identity:
Stay informed about the risks of cyberbullying, online scams, and identity theft, as well as the importance of safeguarding your private information.
On a regular (13) ______, users should review their privacy settings and update their security (14) ______ to reduce the risk of unauthorized access to personal accounts.
Promote Online Kindness:
(15) ______ spreading unverified news or harmful content, you can (16) ______ positive movements that foster a healthy digital community and encourage respectful communication among users.
Question 11. A. range B. much C. plenty D. amount
Question 12. A. routine B. procedure C. schedule D. principle
Question 13. A. basis B. level C. amount D. degree
Question 14. A. ingredients B. substances C. materials D. credentials
Question 15. A. Regardless of B. For fear of C. In terms of D. Instead of
Question 16. A. take apart B. take part in C. catch on D. close down
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 17 to 26.
Women employed in technology and financial services may be disproportionately exposed to job displacement as artificial intelligence and automation spread, a report by the City of London Corporation warns. [I] While those sectors are often portrayed as “future-proof”, the report argues that the distribution of work within them is uneven: women remain heavily concentrated in clerical and support functions — precisely the tasks most susceptible to automation — while being underrepresented in higher-growth digital roles.
A further concern is the “mid-career cohort”: women with five or more years of experience who might be expected to transition into more technical positions. Instead, many are being sidelined by recruitment systems that reward linear career trajectories and narrowly defined job histories. The report suggests that rigid hiring practices, increasingly reinforced by automated CV screening, can penalize candidates whose profiles do not match predetermined templates. [II] Career breaks linked to caring responsibilities, for instance, may be treated as gaps rather than evidence of resilience or transferable capability; similarly, experience gained outside conventional tech pathways may be discounted even when it signals strong problem-solving and stakeholder-management skills.
To counteract these dynamics, the City of London Corporation urges employers to prioritize reskilling and upskilling, especially for women not currently in technical roles. The report highlights clerical positions as a key risk area, estimating that around 119,000 such roles across tech, financial and professional services—predominantly performed by women—could be displaced over the next decade. [III] Investing in retraining programmes could also reduce organizational costs, with potential savings of up to £757m in redundancy payments, while helping firms redeploy staff into areas where talent shortages persist.
Crucially, the report argues for a shift from credential-based hiring towards capability-based recruitment, where employers assess potential adaptability and learning agility rather than relying solely on past technical experience. It also notes high attrition among women in tech, with estimates suggesting up to 60,000 leave each year due to limited progression, insufficient recognition and inadequate pay—factors that undermine retention just as demand for digital skills intensifies.
The findings sit within a broader climate of workforce anxiety about AI, with surveys indicating that a significant share of UK workers fear job loss within the next five years. [IV] More than 12,000 vacancies remained unfilled in 2024. Finally, it cautions that pay rises alone will not close the gap; without sustained investment in skills, the digital talent shortfall could persist to at least 2035, potentially costing the UK over £10bn in foregone economic growth.
Question 17. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 1?
A. By characterizing tech and finance as “future-proof”, the report downplays the likelihood of workforce disruption from AI and automation.
B. AI and automation will mainly replace men in tech and finance because women already dominate high-growth digital roles.
C. The City of London Corporation maintains that the main threat from AI lies in high-growth digital roles, where women are increasingly overrepresented.
D. Though seen as “future-proof,” tech and finance may put women at higher AI job-loss risk because many work in automatable support roles, not growing digital ones.
Question 18. The word “sidelined” in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.
A. ignored B. promoted C. trained D. praised
Question 19. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
Career breaks linked to caring responsibilities, for instance, may be treated as gaps rather than evidence of resilience or transferable capability.
A. Caregiving-related career breaks may be interpreted as gaps in work history instead of being recognized as evidence of the candidate’s resilience and transferable ability.
B. Employers often treat caregiving-related career breaks as valuable evidence of resilience and transferable skills.
C. Career breaks taken for caregiving are regarded as gaps in employment rather than as clear proof of strong technical expertise in the field and transferable capability.
D. Career breaks are considered acceptable only when they involve formal technical training or certification, rather than time off taken for caregiving responsibilities.
Question 20. Which of the following is NOT stated in paragraph 3?
A. Employers are urged to prioritize reskilling and upskilling, especially for women not currently in technical roles.
B. The report estimates 119,000 clerical roles could be displaced within a decade.
C. Investing in retraining could reduce organizational costs, with potential savings of up to £757m in redundancy payments.
D. The report predicts that most technical roles will be displaced by automation within the next decade.
Question 21. The word “It” in paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. capability-based recruitment B. the report C. a shift D. past technical experience
Question 22. According to paragraph 4, which of the following best explains why capability-based recruitment is presented as crucial for improving women’s retention in tech?
A. It ensures higher salaries by requiring companies to raise pay in order to meet legal equality standards.
B. It helps employers recognize potential beyond linear job histories, addressing barriers that push women out as demand for digital skills rises.
C. It reduces the need for technical training by prioritising candidates with strong formal credentials.
D. It eliminates attrition by guaranteeing promotions for women regardless of performance evaluations.
Question 23. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Pay growth is presented as the primary lever for closing the long-term digital talent shortfall.
B. Automated CV screening generally reduces bias by valuing non-linear career paths and transferable skills.
C. The report projects that digital roles will see the largest net job losses as automation accelerates.
D. Women are concentrated in clerical and support roles, many of which are especially susceptible to automation.
Question 24. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Capability-based recruitment could help reduce talent shortages.
B. Automated CV screening always improves fairness in hiring.
C. Most women prefer clerical jobs to technical roles.
D. AI will remove the need for reskilling programmes.
Question 25. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit? “Yet the report points out a contradiction: despite automation risks, these sectors still struggle to fill digital posts.”
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 26. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. The report warns that women in tech and finance face higher AI job-loss risk due to role segregation and rigid hiring, and calls for reskilling and capability-based recruitment to ease talent gaps.
B. The report argues that higher wages will solve the UK’s digital skills shortage and prevent most automation-related job losses in tech and finance.
C. The passage claims automated CV screening has largely eliminated discrimination and helped mid-career women move into high-growth digital roles.
D. The report concludes that AI will reduce the need for training because most digital vacancies will disappear as automation expands.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.
In recent decades, digital technologies have become a core component of cultural heritage preservation. Museums, libraries, and research institutions increasingly rely on digital archives to store large collections of historical documents, artworks, and artefacts. Access through digital surrogates rather than direct physical handling reduces deterioration from repeated contact, light exposure, and unstable environmental conditions, extending the lifespan of items.
Digital archiving includes technical processes such as high-resolution scanning, object photography, and structured metadata systems. It plays an important role in organising digital collections. It enables institutions to document attributes such as provenance, physical condition, and historical context, allowing materials to be described and retrieved. Once digitised, items can be stored electronically, duplicated accurately, and distributed without affecting the originals. This allows institutions to maintain multiple secure copies and limits the risk of permanent loss resulting from natural disasters, material decay, or accidental damage. Digitisation is valuable for fragile objects that cannot be examined, transported, or displayed.
Beyond preservation, digital archives substantially extend access to cultural resources. Online platforms allow researchers, students, and the public to consult collections across geographical boundaries, supporting academic research, education, and cross-cultural exchange. Advanced search and retrieval tools facilitate the analysis of large datasets, enabling users to identify patterns, compare records, and locate materials with minimal constraints.
Despite these benefits, the long-term sustainability of digital archives presents persistent challenges. Storage infrastructures and software systems require continual updating to maintain compatibility and data integrity, while evolving file formats necessitate periodic migration. Sustained investment and technical oversight are essential to ensure that digital heritage remains accessible as technologies develop.
Question 27. The word “surrogates” in paragraph 1 mostly means ______.
A. substitutes B. originals C. components D. decorations
Question 28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a factor causing damage to physical cultural items?
A. frequent physical contact B. unstable environmental conditions C. transportation D. exposure to light
Question 29. The word “It” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. physical condition B. digital archiving C. high-resolution scanning D. technical processes
Question 30. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
A. By maintaining several secure copies, institutions can prevent permanent loss resulting from natural disasters or material deterioration.
B. The maintenance of multiple secure copies prevents permanent loss arising from environmental damage and unforeseen incidents.
C. Maintaining multiple secure copies reduces the risk that materials damaged by environmental or accidental factors will be permanently lost.
D. By maintaining several secure copies, institutions can reduce the risk of permanent loss caused by natural or accidental factors.
Question 31. The word “fragile” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. vulnerable B. durable C. delicate D. unstable
Question 32. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3?
A. Digital archives limit public access to cultural collections across different regions.
B. Online platforms allow users to consult collections without geographical limitations.
C. Digital tools mainly benefit researchers rather than students or the wider public globally.
D. Physical access is still required to compare and classify cultural records effectively.
Question 33. Which paragraph mentions methods of digitising heritage items?
A. Paragraph 4 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 1 D. Paragraph 3
Question 34. Which paragraph mentions issues affecting the long-term viability of digital archives?
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 1 D. Paragraph 4
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 35 to 40.
Elon Musk: A Disruptive Force in Modern Innovation
Elon Musk, the billionaire engineer and entrepreneur behind Tesla, SpaceX, and Neuralink, stands as one of the most (35) ______ figures in contemporary technology. His relentless pursuit of ambitious goals has redefined what human ingenuity can achieve in the face of adversity.
From electrifying the automobile industry to launching reusable rockets, Musk has continuously (36) ______ the boundaries of science and commerce. His ventures not only promote sustainable development but also aim to secure humanity’s long-term survival beyond Earth.
Driven by a blend of intellect and audacity, Musk’s (37) ______ have reshaped global perspectives on energy, transportation, and artificial intelligence. Despite skepticism and repeated setbacks, he persists with unwavering conviction, embodying the spirit of innovation.
Over the past two decades, his revolutionary mindset has altered the trajectory of technological progress, (38) ______ him both a visionary leader and a polarizing public figure. Unquestionably, Musk is far (39) ______ his time, daring to imagine solutions that others deem impossible. His journey reminds us that genuine progress often emerges from those who try (40) ______ the limits of possibility.
Question 35. A. suspicious B. controversial C. persistent D. influential
Question 36. A. expanded B. transcended C. stretched D. provoked
Question 37.
A. remarkable technological contributions
B. technological remarkable contributions
C. technologically remarkable contributions
D. remarkably technology contributions
Question 38. A. make B. making C. made D. to make
Question 39. A. from B. over C. beyond D. across
Question 40. A. to challenge B. challenging C. to challenging D. challenge
BẢNG ĐÁP ÁN VÀ LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT
| Câu | Đáp án | Câu | Đáp án | Câu | Đáp án | Câu | Đáp án |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | B | 11 | A | 21 | B | 31 | B |
| 2 | B | 12 | D | 22 | B | 32 | B |
| 3 | D | 13 | A | 23 | D | 33 | B |
| 4 | A | 14 | D | 24 | A | 34 | D |
| 5 | D | 15 | D | 25 | D | 35 | D |
| 6 | A | 16 | B | 26 | A | 36 | C |
| 7 | A | 17 | D | 27 | A | 37 | A |
| 8 | C | 18 | A | 28 | C | 38 | B |
| 9 | A | 19 | A | 29 | B | 39 | C |
| 10 | D | 20 | D | 30 | D | 40 | A |
LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT
Question 1: B
Câu cần một vị ngữ chính cho chủ ngữ waste heat.
Cụm đầy đủ: waste heat ... adds to the rising temperatures
Nghĩa: lượng nhiệt thải ra góp phần làm nhiệt độ tăng.
A chỉ là cụm giới từ; C là mệnh đề quan hệ làm câu thiếu vị ngữ chính; D sai cấu trúc.
→ Chọn B. adds to the rising temperatures
Question 2: B
Vế trước: skyscrapers and narrow streets restrict airflow (các tòa nhà cao tầng và đường hẹp hạn chế luồng không khí).
Hệ quả: so + mệnh đề kết quả (so trapped heat lingers close to ground level).
→ Chọn B
Question 3: D
Câu trước đề cập việc người dân dùng điều hòa nhiều hơn vào mùa hè làm tăng nhu cầu điện. Hệ quả hợp lý là: this surge in demand may lead to blackouts or power shortages.
→ Chọn D
Question 4: A
Cần câu hoàn chỉnh bổ sung giải pháp giảm nóng đô thị. A đúng ngữ pháp và nghĩa: Using lighter-coloured materials that reflect more solar radiation can also reduce warming.
→ Chọn A
Question 5: D
Sau dấu phẩy cần cụm hiện tại phân từ chỉ kết quả: making city life healthier and more sustainable.
→ Chọn D
Question 6: A
Thứ tự hội thoại:
a. Tom hỏi Jack có đăng nhiều ảnh lên mạng xã hội không.
c. Jack đáp cậu ấy thích tận hưởng khoảnh khắc hơn.
b. Tom khen điều đó tốt.
→ Thứ tự: a – c – b → Chọn A
Question 7: A
Thứ tự sắp xếp:
e. Minh chia sẻ phân vân chọn nghề nghiệp.
a. Cô Lan trấn an và hỏi sở thích, thế mạnh.
d. Minh nêu sự quan tâm đến công nghệ và giải quyết vấn đề.
c. Cô Lan gợi ý ngành kĩ thuật phần mềm hoặc phân tích dữ liệu.
b. Minh cảm ơn và hứa sẽ tìm hiểu.
→ Thứ tự: e – a – d – c – b → Chọn A
Question 8: C
Sắp xếp bài viết về homeschooling:
a. Giới thiệu sự phổ biến của homeschooling.
d. Nguyên nhân: cha mẹ muốn phương pháp học linh hoạt.
b. Sự hỗ trợ từ các nền tảng học trực tuyến.
e. Quan điểm tích cực từ gia đình dù có lo ngại về kĩ năng xã hội.
c. Kết luận: ngày càng nhiều người chọn hình thức này.
→ Thứ tự: a – d – b – e – c → Chọn C
Question 9: A
Bài nói về culture shock:
c. Định nghĩa trải nghiệm sốc văn hóa.
a. Giai đoạn hào hứng ban đầu chuyển sang bối rối.
d. Các rào cản cụ thể (ngôn ngữ, phong tục).
b. Quá trình thích nghi dần dễ dàng hơn.
e. Đạt sự cân bằng và phát triển bản thân.
→ Thứ tự: c – a – d – b – e → Chọn A
Question 10: D
Thư xin lỗi về tiến độ công trình:
a. Xin lỗi vì việc chậm trễ.
c. Giải thích nguyên nhân (thời tiết, vật liệu).
b. Cảm ơn sự thông cảm của khách hàng.
d. Nêu biện pháp khắc phục.
e. Trấn an và hứa cập nhật thông tin.
→ Thứ tự: a – c – b – d – e → Chọn D
Question 11: A
Cụm chuẩn: A range of individuals (nhiều nhóm đối tượng khác nhau).
→ Chọn A. range
Question 12: D
Cụm từ: a core principle (một nguyên tắc cốt lõi).
→ Chọn D. principle
Question 13: A
Cụm cố định: on a regular basis (một cách thường xuyên, định kì).
→ Chọn A. basis
Question 14: D
Cụm từ: security credentials (thông tin bảo mật/xác thực tài khoản).
→ Chọn D. credentials
Question 15: D
Cần liên từ mang nghĩa thay thế: Instead of (Thay vì lan truyền tin chưa kiểm chứng...).
→ Chọn D. Instead of
Question 16: B
Cụm động từ: take part in (tham gia vào các phong trào tích cực).
→ Chọn B. take part in
Question 17: D
Đoạn 1 nêu: Dù được xem là “future-proof”, ngành công nghệ và tài chính vẫn khiến phụ nữ đối mặt nguy cơ mất việc cao do họ tập trung ở các công việc hành chính dễ bị tự động hóa.
→ Chọn D
Question 18: A
Sidelined nghĩa là bị gạt ra bên ngoài, không được coi trọng (~ ignored).
→ Chọn A. ignored
Question 19: A
Câu gốc nói về việc khoảng nghỉ chăm sóc gia đình bị coi là khoảng trống thay vì là bằng chứng của sự kiên cường và kĩ năng chuyển đổi. Phương án A viết lại chính xác nghĩa.
→ Chọn A
Question 20: D
Đoạn 3 không có thông tin dự đoán hầu hết vai trò kĩ thuật sẽ bị thay thế bởi tự động hóa trong 10 năm tới.
→ Chọn D
Question 21: B
Từ “It” ở đầu câu đoạn 4 thay thế cho the report.
→ Chọn B. the report
Question 22: B
Tuyển dụng dựa trên năng lực (capability-based recruitment) giúp nhận diện tiềm năng vượt ra ngoài lộ trình công việc truyền thống, giảm bớt rào cản đẩy phụ nữ rời ngành.
→ Chọn B
Question 23: D
Bài xác nhận phụ nữ tập trung ở các vai trò hỗ trợ và hành chính – những công việc có nguy cơ cao bị tự động hóa.
→ Chọn D
Question 24: A
Suy luận logic từ bài: Việc tuyển dụng dựa trên năng lực sẽ thu hút được nhiều nhân tài hơn, hỗ trợ giảm bớt sự thiếu hụt nhân lực.
→ Chọn A
Question 25: D
Câu cần chèn nói về mâu thuẫn thiếu nhân sự kĩ thuật số, phù hợp nhất khi đặt trước câu liệt kê con số 12,000 vị trí bỏ trống năm 2024 ở vị trí [IV].
→ Chọn D
Question 26: A
Tóm tắt toàn bài đầy đủ nhất: Phụ nữ trong ngành công nghệ và tài chính đối mặt rủi ro mất việc cao do tự động hóa, bài viết kêu gọi tái đào tạo và tuyển dụng dựa trên năng lực.
→ Chọn A
Question 27: A
Surrogates (bản thay thế số hóa) đồng nghĩa với substitutes.
→ Chọn A. substitutes
Question 28: C
Đoạn 1 không nhắc tới vận chuyển (transportation) là yếu tố gây hại vật thể văn hóa.
→ Chọn C
Question 29: B
Đại từ “It” ở đoạn 2 thay thế cho chủ ngữ Digital archiving.
→ Chọn B
Question 30: D
Câu gạch chân nhấn mạnh việc lưu giữ nhiều bản sao giúp giảm nguy cơ mất mát vĩnh viễn (reduce the risk). D diễn đạt chuẩn xác nhất.
→ Chọn D
Question 31: B
Fragile (mong manh, dễ vỡ) trái nghĩa với durable (bền vững, chắc chắn).
→ Chọn B
Question 32: B
Đoạn 3 nêu rõ các nền tảng trực tuyến cho phép tiếp cận bộ sưu tập không bị giới hạn địa lý.
→ Chọn B
Question 33: B
Các phương pháp số hóa (scanning, photography, metadata) nằm ở Đoạn 2.
→ Chọn B
Question 34: D
Các thách thức đối với tính bền vững của lưu trữ số (hạ tầng, định dạng tệp, chi phí) được thảo luận ở Đoạn 4.
→ Chọn D
Question 35: D
Cụm từ phù hợp: one of the most influential figures (một trong những nhân vật có ảnh hưởng nhất).
→ Chọn D. influential
Question 36: C
Collocation: stretch the boundaries (mở rộng/vượt qua các giới hạn).
→ Chọn C. stretched
Question 37: A
Trật tự cụm danh từ đúng: remarkable technological contributions.
→ Chọn A
Question 38: B
Dùng hiện tại phân từ chỉ kết quả sau mệnh đề chính: making him both a visionary leader...
→ Chọn B. making
Question 39: C
Thành ngữ: far beyond his time (đi trước thời đại).
→ Chọn C. beyond
Question 40: A
Cấu trúc: try + to V (cố gắng làm gì) → try to challenge.
→ Chọn A. to challenge